Impact of Social Networking Sites on Teenagers

Feedback

Deployment

Testing

Literature Review

Documentation

Data Analysis

Source of Data

Data Collection

Methodology

Impact of Social Media

Evaluation of Social networking

Requirement Gathering

Budget Plan

Deliverables

Aims and Objective

Project Planning

Impact of Social Media

An evaluation of the impact of social networking on the everyday lives of teenagers

Ms Diana Potur

RAP16423033

Rapad@roehampton.ac

Insert your supervisor’s Title, Nicholas Ioannides

Nicholas.ioannides@qa.com

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Roehampton University for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computing Technologies

Faculty of Computing

28-02-2022

Abstract

As technology is increasing the development of social networks is impacting the youth and their nature. The study is based on the definition of the effects of social networking sites on the everyday life of people. The study suggests the implementation of social media on the global network that affects the age of adolescents. The data is collected using the qualitative data method where the survey is conducted that shows how the social networking sites affect the working and academics of the students. It also shows that the different age groups have a different approach to social networking sites. The report defines that the effects of social media on the various social group and the students. The report concluded that the effects of social media have also increased the job performance of the employees.

Acknowledgements

If the writer wishes to acknowledge the contribution of specific people or groups of people this is where this should take place.

Contents

Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Development timeline of social networking sites 8

Figure 2: Psychological and emotional impacts of SNS 10

Figure 1 Hypothesis review 16

Figure 2 Chi-square Results 16

Figure 3 Responses of Social Networking sites 17

Figure 4 Purpose to use SNS 18

Figure 5 Involvement of Adolescents 19

Figure 6 Impact of education and relationship 19

Figure 7 Impact on Mental Health 20

Figure 8 Work breakdown structure 21

Figure 9 Gantt Chart 22

Chapter 1: Introduction

Social media is known as the online platform that helps people to enhance their social network and connect with more people. The social networks maybe consist of the personal and career-related structure. This has created a major impact on the lives of the people which they are living. The major impact is on the teenager that is engaging more with their virtual connection rather than human connections. The use of technology influence people to change their lifestyles. Social media is the new way of communication over the web-based structure. Social media is consists of various types of forms blogs, websites, podcasts, social sites, etc. These sites adopt the structure that helps in attracting more audience and the people are now shifting to a more modern structure. The use of social sites on the professional level is also done that has a positive impact that increases the job performance. Individuals with the use of social sites can increase their work quality. “Nothing vast enters in the life of mortals without a curse” Sophocles

In the current times, it can be observed that people from all the age groups above 10 are highly active on the social media platforms as well as the internet in general. As much as the technology of internet is useful for the people to acquire knowledge and stay connected to others, it aslo has a large negative impact on the lives of the people. As the demographics are relying more and more on the internet technology, it is necessary to understand the impact of this technology in the various aspects of lives of the people especially teeneagers. The current report demonstrates the study of impact of the SNS on the lives of teenagers through the method of secondary research.

A complete evaluation of how school-aged teenagers are affected has already been done, extending from exposing children to disrupted community interaction (Guinta and John, 2018). The mental wellbeing status of users of social media sites, as well as linked illnesses, has been assessed (Kumar Swain and Pati, 2021). The research also identifies important focus areas, such as monitoring and engagement, for an appropriate solution to teenage difficulties resulting from excessive use of these substances.

1. Aim
   
   

The research aims to define the effects of using social networking sites in everyday life of people. The findings are focused mainly on the teenage group of demographics. It develops an understanding of the positive and the negative factor of social sites. The study also aims to understand the impact of the rising use of SNS on the mental as well as physical health of children in the teenage group.

1. Objectives

• To understand the use of social media sites by the demographics of different age groups and focusing on the age group of teenagers.

• To understand the impact of over utilization of SNS on the lives of the selected age group of demographics.

• To investigate the positive and the negative impact of the social site on the teenager.

• To investigate and evaluate the impact of SNS on the well-being of the user.

• Statistical analyses on penetration on social media on different age groups.

1. Deliverables

The teenage years are one of the most sensitive times of one's life. It is the time when people's identities and integrity are formed. The SNSs are among the critical parts of the ecological inflow to this generation, and they have a direct effect on the transformation of adolescents to adulthood. In this context, a critical examination of the effects of social networking sites on adolescent lives is required, as well as identification of the significant implications that result from their use or misuse.

1. Dissertation Structure

• The second chapter of literature review demonstrates the investigation of the growing impact of SNS on the lives of the people.

• The third chapter of the report describes the methodology of the research and the method pf how the required data was obtained and investigated.

• The fourth chapter gives the complete details of step-wise planning and completion of the project.

• Chapter five discusses about the collection, evaluation, and analysis of the data.

• Chapter six concludes the findings of the research.

Chapter 2: Problem Statement / Client Requirements / Literature Review

2.1. Introduction

The concept of social networking has been around long before the development of the internet and networking based on computing technologies. In the modern paradigm, the concept of social networking has been attributed to the internet. The development of computing technology such as the internet has allowed people to be in connection with other people at any scale of distances. In the present times, the broad understanding of the community referring to the process of social networking is only directed towards the large and renowned platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and so on. Yet, this concept also involves the private work coordination applications which have a private intranet.

Information technology, as well as internet technology, have significantly developed within the span of the last two decades. The process of exchange, sharing, and transfer of information has grown and evolved rapidly in this span. This development has brought both positive as well as negative changes and consequences in society. This change can be attributed by measuring the increased dependency and effect of social networking on the everyday lives of people. People have been seen to be engaged on social networking platforms for a significant time of the day. Thus, this paper will be focused on the investigation which will include factors such as:

• The emotional and psychological impact of social Networking

• Impact of social networking on the society

• Social networking impacts politics.

• Impact on education and businesses

• Advantages and disadvantages of social networking

• Challenges

• Future aspects of the development of social networking and its possible impact on life.

2.2 Development timeline of digital social networking

The era of social networking came into the picture with the development of computer networking technologies. In the preliminary times of this revolution, the email list was the first form of the social network that allowed people to communicate with each other. The email communication platform was only used for organizational purposes only. Later, this mechanism proliferated for personal computers as well. However, since the email was exchanged just between the two people, no sort of social group or community was formed during such communication. The email communication also allowed the users to share their ideas, information, and feelings remotely, and also support their information with the media such as pictures, attachments, or links to the information. Thus, email was one of the efficient forms of communication and information sharing in the initial stage of the development of this technology (Yu, 2019).

In further years the email communication system was provided with various features such as chat processes. This allowed the people to be able to constantly keep in touch by sharing personal messages, pictures, and videos. After this development, the deployment of social networking sites took place. The development of modern social networking sites started with the development of the platforms such as Bulletin Board System (BBS), AOL, and CompuServe. With a platform such as BBS, the users could communicate with a central communication system and download games and other files. This platform also allowed the users to send messages to other users of the platform. On the other hand, a platform such as CompuServe was a service developed for corporate-level communication in the 1970s. Ten years later, this solution found its expansion in the public domain as well. Although users could use this platform to access different news and events, they could also share files with other users. Not only this feature but the CompuServe platform also provided the users with novel and unique features such as the opportunity to connect with other users on the discussion forums. Through this feature, the users could conduct a real discussion with the strangers virtually and thus, gave a true sense of connectivity. This platform also allowed people to develop their own profiles, browse the profile of other users, and connect with strangers.

The advancement of the websites on the internet was seen after 1999. This period of development of the internet was called Web 2.0 and was the period when the websites facilitated interactive and instant communication. This era also witnessed the beginning of the generation and sharing of user-generated content, social collaboration and connectivity with people around the world, recreation, and general social connectivity (Amichai?Hamburger and Hayat, 2017). This period observed the development and expansion of the social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn, Friendster, and so on. Such networking sites provided people with various features and power to find and connect different people on the internet. In addition to this many platforms provided the features such as live video chats, online games, and so on. The development of the taste of real connections in the virtual world is still being developed today and has been seen to be influencing people far and wide.

Figure 1: Development timeline of social networking sites

Source: Alamri, 2018

2.3 Reasons for higher popularity of the Social Networking Sites

The use of social networking sites facilitates people to gain positive interactions, feel a connectedness to a community, and also find social support. This social virtual platform can allow the people to feel empowered as they can control their interaction, presence, and tier own appearance on the internet. On the other hand, even though social networking sites are meant to find and be found on the internet, certain sites allow people to anonymously participate in discussion forums or any other function of media sharing. Through such platforms, people can easily and freely express themselves and thus, feel free or empowered.

Multiple other factors differentiate the virtual social world from the real social world. Some of the reasons are entertaining and amusing, easy interactions, care-free expression of feelings and thoughts, a feeling of protectiveness, equality in expression, the ability to find like-minded people, and superior control over interactions. A person is bound to many disciplines and manners in the real world and many people may find themselves constricted through such traditions. Thus, social networking can allow people to find their own voice and express it freely without hesitation. The High accessibility of these websites at any hour of the day can allow people to find a virtual company for expression in their times of psychological needs. On the other hand, the presence of the content created by other users can allow some entertainment and relief from the stress being experienced from the physical circumstances. Furthermore, as social networking sites are constantly being upgraded to improve the user experience and make it more interactive, people also enjoy toggling with the technological innovations integrated with such websites.

In the current times as the technology of social networking has been improving, people of all age groups have been seen to be using such sites for various intentions. The majority of the young population has been seen to be making excessive use of social networking sites for social connection as well as recreational use. On the other hand, the young to middle-aged age group have been seen to be using SNS for professional as well as personal purposes. A study conducted by Krasnova et al. (2017) shows that gender differences between men and women affect the use of social media websites as well as the intentions by which such sites are being used. The authors have proposed a model called the ‘expectation-confirmation model’ to understand the continuance of the use of social networking sites by men and women. This model provides an understanding regarding beliefs, needs, and intentions of using SNS. It has been observed that gender differences prevail in the response to societal as well as local situations. Thus, although the use of the SNS is majorly done for self-enhancement, a difference in the usage of both genders is that women use the SNS to maintain closer contact with people as well as to get essential social information on the closer and social prospects. On the other hand, men use it for general connectivity as well as to gain constant access to general information. Similar trends have been observed between the genders when the SNS is used for marketing or organizational purposes.

Ever since the development of social networking websites began; the popularity of such sites has been seen to be the most popular in the young crowd. Multiple studies have shown that young people spend the most time of the day online on SNS. A study conducted by Gray (2018) suggests various reasons for such popular use of SNS in the juvenile. According to this survey young females and males joining the SNS majorly to talk to others, while other uses or purposes include:

• To share different photos, videos, and locations of presence.

• To view, comment, and share photos or media shared by other people in connection.

• To keep updated of what other people in physical as well as virtual contact are up to in their lives.

• To play online games

2.4 Emotional and psychological impacts of using SNS

As the use of the SNS has grown during the last two decades, it has become an inseparable part of the everyday lives of people. The ease of connectivity to other people and the freedom and control of the access of the information as well as the connection has enabled people to have many emotional attachments to SNS. Even if the inception of SNS has brought various differences and benefits in people’s everyday lives, the consistent and excessive use has resulted in multiple emotional and psychological impacts on the people.

The regular and excessive use of passive SNS has resulted in the development of various patterns of behavior and symptoms of mental imbalance. The use of social networking websites can be done either actively or passively. The active users are involved with direct communication either through posting statuses or pictures online or contacting people directly through messages. Another class of people uses such websites only to keep an update of what is happening in the life of other people. The study conducted by Zhu and Bao (2018) investigates the effects and impacts on the mental health of the people who make use of social networking sites passively. As per this study, it was found out that the passive use of such websites is quite harmful to the mental health of such users. This can lead to severe symptoms of loneliness, anxiety, fatigue, and so on and thus harm the user’s well-being. Furthermore, this study also suggests that the excessive use of SNS can result in mental fatigue. This can result in the degradation of the performance of the individual in academic or professional contexts. The passive use of the SNS in a consistent manner can lead the user to face severe symptoms of mental imbalance such as the feeling of being left out, and constant stress about privacy, and impression management.

As various SNSs have developed within the last two decades, Facebook is one of the renowned sites that people of all age ranges have been using since its inception. The study conducted by Racheal and Debra (2017), provides a systematic review of the outcomes on the mental health of the people due to the use of the sites such as Facebook. This platform had been launched in 2004 and has gained quick popularity around the world. The reason behind its popularity is its complex nature and the feeling of connectedness and belongingness that it provides to the people. The features of this site such as changing and maintaining the details on the profile of oneself, updating status, posting pictures, chatting with other users, giving a response to the notifications of the site, and so on keep the users engaged for a longer duration and thus, can make them lose the track of usage time. Thus, excessive usage of the site can affect people by making them feel lonely and isolated from their society or their close ones. Other effects of the usage include the feeling of distress, depression from perceiving others to be happier than oneself, constant comparison between lives of other people, dissatisfaction in the intimacy and personal relationships, lowering of the self-esteem, negative self and body image, negative self-talk or dialogue, and addiction.

The various functions employed by the different SNSs such as Twitter, Instagram, and so on have shown effects on the individuals such as clinical anxiety and distress. Various platforms make use of the various information sharing methods such as text, visuals, and visual effects, texts as well as visuals, and so on. Studies have also shown that the increased use of Facebook has caused a greater number of college students to drink alcohol in high school. Thus, this study has shown a total of six kinds of impacts on the mental health of the users listed as addiction, anxiety, depression, body image, eating disorders, and increased alcohol intake.

Another study related to the consumption and usage of digital social networking suggests a severe impact on the well-being of the users. It has been observed that the users are commonly found to be going through technostress and a series of other stresses that are caused by the frequent use of SNSs. Social networking websites have also proliferated in the mobile platform ever since the development of smartphones. Along with the use of other IT applications and equipment, technostress is seen to be caused specifically by the frequent use of mobile phones and engagement of the social networking apps on them. While the employees can face collective stress due to the stresses in personal and professional life, the stress caused due to the social engagement applications can lead to the declination of the employee performance and innovativeness at work. The employees can experience increased and extreme burnout and this might decrease the organisational commitment of the employees. The study conducted by Salo et al., (2018) highlight the various health impact from the collection and processing of strong data. The results show that the users of the social networking sites have experienced a major decline in their concentration at work. The sleeping patterns of the users have also been severely affected use to the excessive use of social networking sites. The users find themselves chatting to someone until late at night or the dawn of the next morning. Furthermore, the users have also experienced problems relating to self-identity as well as problems created due to social interactions and relationships. The users have also been found to unknowingly compare themselves to the lives of other people. this stimulates negative self-talk and also results in lowering self-esteem. Users have also found the use of social networking as an extension to themselves. People cannot live without their smartphones and have a tendency to scroll the feeds on SNS whenever they are idle even for a moment. The over access and exposure to the information and news makes people want to continuously check social networking websites. Such websites have also been seen to spread fake news and cause panic and rage between the users.

Figure 2: Psychological and emotional impacts of SNS

Source: Andreassen, 2015

2.5 Impact of Social Networking on the society

Social Networking has grown into an inseparable part of the daily life of the people and this changing life trend has demonstrated various changes and impacts on the lives of the people. The usage has been increasing from middle-aged children to senior adults and the effects of this change in society can sound to be concerning. A study conducted by Shali (2018) demonstrates the impact of social media on adolescents in India. In this study the author has highlighted the effects such as Facebook depression, social media Anxiety due to the video content, increased involvement in criminal activities such as stalking, frauds, cyberbullying, cyber terrorism, and so on have been seen to be growing among the young adults. Furthermore, as the adolescents are being overly exposed and saturated with sexual and other content, they are being involved in early sexual relationships. This is not only has a large consequence on their mental health but is also modifying their behavior in a negative manner. On the other hand, this study also highlighted the positive effects on the adolescents such as being intellectually open to different languages and cultures, expressiveness, maturity, sensitivity to social issues, and so on.

The use of social networking sites is being made not only for informal connections and leisure but also to build professional relationships and to find different opportunities. It has been observed from a study conducted by Akram and Kumar (2017) that businesses in different sectors are being able to flourish by being able to reach out to a bigger audience and also by being able to attract a pool of potential talent. The authors have highlighted different social platforms such as FaceBook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, Flickr, Instagram, WhatsApp, and so on. The authors also talk about how these platforms are unique in attracting and retaining the users on the platform for a longer time. The authors have highlighted the positive and negative impacts of the use of such websites in different aspects of society. The major negative impacts such as loss of productivity, loss of focus, and large impact on the business as well as personal lives of the people have been specifically highlighted in the study.

Another study conducted by Newman et al., (2021) review the experience and impact made by social networking sites on older adults. It has been commonly observed that the older adults who have retired or are in their 80s or 90s can feel loneliness either occasionally or consistently throughout their remainder of life. The platform of digital social networking can be seen to allow such people to socialize and be in touch with their old friends and ease this feeling of loneliness. Yet, on the other hand, it has been observed that older people find it tough to comprehend the everchanging technology. Furthermore, even though there is no such evidence of any impact on the well-being of these adults there may be certain factors that might affect their long-term well-being.

2.6 Impact of social networking on Politics

It has been commonly observed through multiple studies that the use of social media is done to spread knowledge and news around the world. Politics is one of the most important areas of news that people tend to take an interest in. The platform of social media proves to be the most rapid method of spreading awareness as well as fake news on the social media platform. A study conducted by Park (2019) shows the association of social media in strengthening the knowledge and linkage between people and politics. It has been seen that social networking is used by leaders to promote information regarding a political group and to gain the support of more people. Yet, many people learn more about politics through the media of social networking and this can be dangerous. This is because the source cannot be always authentic and the practical knowledge spread can also be deceiving.

Another study conducted by Basyouni (2021) shows the investigation on how social networking sites can affect the political knowledge transfer by specific SNS such as Facebook and Twitter. The orientation of the interest of the people using these specific websites depends on the information made available on both of the platforms. although both of the platforms play a role in the overwhelming flow of information, Twitter focuses on the micro information provision and high updated-ness. On the other hand, Facebook can share long text and media for the same. The authors have tried to investigate whether the users will be more updated on the political information by comparing the usage of the selected platforms. the authors have collected and analysed the data and developed the results based on the same. The results of this study reported that Twitter is mostly used for information purposes and Facebook is used for entertainment as well. thus, people are more informed through the media such as Twitter.

As per the other study conducted by Opeyemi (2018), social networking can act as a good source of technology that can help to improve the political situations around the world. This is because since the news can spread rapidly through such platforms, politicians can refrain to be involved in any ill practices. On the other hand, such a platform can act as a forum for people to discuss current political affairs around the world. The SNSs can also prove to be effective for the various campaigns of politicians. The leaders can gain mass support and cooperation from the people by rapidly being able to notify them about the various changes.

Perman (2021) has conducted a study regarding the effectiveness of political marketing in Malaysia through SNS from the perspective of the youth. It has been observed that the youth is the class that makes maximum use of social networking to be updated and to connect with others. Thus, the politicians can build a connection with the youth using social networking platforms. another use of SNS is that it can paint a picture in the eyes of the youth about the current politics and the leaders and thus hold them in their favor. Hence the result shows that the SNS can be beneficial for the leaders to gain the attention of the youth and hold their interest in the long run in Malaysia.

According to The Social Dilemma (2020), social media is in charge of our news feed and people are manipulated. People have no idea what is true and now it’s a matter of life and death.

Social media companies created a system that biases towards false information, because false informations make the company more money. It is a disfunctiom-for-profit business model. One country can manipulate another one actually invading its physical borders. Social media is not going to solve these problems, they can’t solve the problems because they don’t know what the truth is.

It is not about the technology being existential threat, it’s the technology ability to bring out the worst in society and worst in society being the existential threat.

Tech experts from Silicon Valley sounds the alarm of technology’s gonna become more integrate in ouf life in short time horizont, civil war and maybe in 20 years we probably destroy our civilization through willful ignorange which Big Tech use in seek to manipulate and influence.

2.7 Impact of SNS on education and businesses

It has been observed that social networking is majorly used by the juvenile to connect and communicate with others and also to get entertained through media and games. The educational institutes have observed this pattern and are using the SNS to understand the students and connect with them. This in turn is supporting different learning and is also is being made widespread. Through the study conducted by Norhailawatiet al., (2019) it was found that educational institutes are creating interactive learning for students through SNS platforms such as Facebook. This was done by assessing the pattern of student use of SNS and thus creating collaborative learning. Through such methods, the students are showing positive involvement in the process of learning and also showing an upward trend in the growth of their performance in their academic careers.

From the investigation of Samad et al., (2019) the factors and impact of the presence of students on the social platforms on their academic performance were done. The data regarding the presence of the social platform and the performance and well-being of the students was collected. Further, the correlation between the factors was established. Through the data analytics and correlation, it was found that SNS are proving to have a significant role in the lives of the students. The use of social media can bind the students with the institutions through active participation in various activities rather than fledging from them. On the other hand, it was also found that such presence can also contribute to the well-being of the students.

In the context of business, the social networking platform is helping to spread brand awareness among people. The study conducted by Sheikh et al., (2018), demonstrates the influence of social networking on social commerce. It was observed that the use of SNS can be seen in the development of the relationship of the consumer and suppliers’ relationships. Since the consumers can review, rate, recommend the products on the SNS the brands must build a good relationship with their users. Thus, the presence of SNS can help the brands to improve their products and services. this also helped with the function of marketing and growing the brand presence far and wide. Since the comments and reviews of the consumers can make a radical change in the sales of the businesses, the SNS can be seen to improve the business paradigms.

It has been seen that from the brand engagement with the people on social media the sales of and other aspects can be determined. The study conducted by Pourkhani et al., (2019) tries to find the scientific study between the business and the use of SNS. The results show that the SNS presence of the brand can be beneficial for widespread, especially for small businesses. The study also describes various factors relating to the growth of the business through SNS.

2.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of social networking

The advent of the social networking platform has been seen to affect people in various ways either positively or negatively. This technology bears within itself multiple advantages as well as disadvantages. The advantages of the use of social networking can be seen to be prevailing in various areas such as education, businesses, personal lives of the people, employees, employers, and so on. In the current era of digital learning, teachers can make use of the social networking phenomenon to induce a healthy interaction between the students and also to help them to generate an interest in learning (Habibi et al., 2018).

The method of recruitment has been greatly influenced by the presence of social media. It is a well-known fact that gathering the right talent that will thrive and help the company grow is very difficult. This is the case, especially for small and medium businesses. The presence of SNS can allow the recruiters to reach out to potential candidates easily and without having to lose a lot of capital. Through this method, not only the recruiters but also the students and people seeking jobs can find employment rapidly. Another advantage is that SNS can allow employers to interview the employee remotely and thus improve methods of business (Bartakova et al., 2017).

As much as SNS are beneficial for the people to maintain a connection by seeking out new people, and feeling empowered by some sense; this technology holds multiple drawbacks. It is necessary to understand these before they consume the human-kind. Multiple studies show that the use of social networking can result in the development of addiction among the youth. It has been seen that people have been less social in real life and living in a virtual world. Over addition of social media can severely affect the career of the youth (Tiwari, 2017).

The addiction and use of social networking sites can affect the productivity and innovativeness of the employees in various organisations. This can lead the companies to loss as there is a decline in the productivity of the company as a whole. Further, it has been mentioned earlier that the use of social media can lead to psychological consequences such as anxiety, depression, and so on. Thus, the mental and physical well-being of the people can be highly affected. Furthermore, the passive use of SNS can lead to building a negative self-image of oneself. This can lead to a decline in confidence and self-body shaming and degradation.

2.9 Challenges of SNS

The use of the social networking platform can pose various challenges towards its development. it has been seen earlier that the SNSs are built differently and each of the websites offers the uniqueness of information of their own. In this competition, the algorithm of the sites has been so addictive that people are seeing adverse effects of its use. It has been seen that a greater number of people are facing mental unwellness from the use of SNS. On the other hand, no innovation can make the users leave the platform. Thus, excess addictiveness can decline the use of the platform by a number of users.

The dynamics of social media are rapid and always changing. Thus, the developers have to be extremely competitive in the development of the platforms. on the other hand, the unpredictability of the use of the platforms is also quite challenging.

The challenges such as the rising trends of cyberbullying and cyber-attacks are the major challenge for social networking sites. Due to such attacks, many of the users can discontinue using the sites. On the other hand, they can discontinue as a result of no trust in the websites. The events of information leaks and the loss of personal assets of the people due to the attacks on the SNS can make them stop using such websites.

Summary

The use and importance of social networking has been growing ever since its inception. Within the age group of the teenagers, it has been seen that SNS is used for the purpose of social networking, playing games, and sharing media. The excessive use of the SNS has resulted in physical unwellness symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and other emotional and mental health impacts. This chapter discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of SNS and its various applications. The studies show that SNS is widely being used as a tool for the promotion of education by the teachers and to stay connected with the students. The political impacts of social networking and the role of SNS in clean politics has been highlighted. Lastly, the challenges faced due to the use of SNS have also been discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 3: Methodology and Project Plan

3.1 Research Design

The research is designed to define the impact of people on everyday life. The research is conducted using the qualitative research method. The secondary research method is based on the evaluation of journals, newspapers, and articles. The review of the research is done through which the data is collected. The research will start with the collection of the resources and the options that are selected is the secondary research method. The study reviewed shows the various matter which is then evaluated based on the criteria (El-Zoghby et.al., 2020).

The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of social networking sites on adolescents. The investigation helped in identifying why adolescents use online social networking sites, analyzing how adolescents evaluate their underlying motives for using a social networking site and determining how these social networking sites have influenced them significantly. The current research included 50 adolescent school-aged boys, ranging in age from ten to eighteen years old. The data has been considered from secondary research sources. The research was conducted in urban schools. Following the basic random sample, participants were selected based on their age and possession of a Smartphone. A field survey was used to conduct the research. The research is descriptive in character, and it employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data was gathered using a well-structured interview schedule that had been pre-tested before being used in the field. The data was examined and interpreted using descriptive analysis. Throughout the study, study ethics such as permission and privacy were maintained (O’Reilly et.al., 2018).

Social networking sites are "hedonic" systems whose development is motivated in proportion to their inherent value for human delight. This viewpoint may lead to the assumption that social networking site usage is unrelated to job performance, if not outright harmful. We present an expanded mathematical framework that contradicts quite an assumption, based on the technological acceptance model19 and the improve and expand hypothesis of positive emotions, as well as associated conceptual approaches and previous empirical findings. According to our analysis, using social networking sites, in general, is expected to be connected with improved job performance (El-Zoghby et.al., 2020).

Adolescents are exposed to social networking sites via a variety of sources. The three agencies were discovered after an investigation of adolescents' early exposure to social networking sites. The first is teenage self-awareness, which is represented by 56 percent of those surveyed. Self-awareness is the process of learning how to use social media sites by watching and observing others. Adolescents who were exposed to SNSs via self-awareness noticed individuals around them, including family relatives, and friends, using SNSs. Adolescents who learn from their peers constitute the second department. This group accounts for 34% of all teenage responses. Only 10% of teenagers have been introduced to social networking sites via their family, according to the study (Nowland, Necka, and Cacioppo, 2018).

To address our study questions, we used the technological acceptability model and the improve and expand the theory of positive feelings, as well as related theoretical concepts and previous empirical investigations to establish an expanded theoretical model. Both the technological acceptance paradigm and the idea of positive feelings are supported by the findings. They claim that using social networking sites may help people perform better at work, owing to intermediary impacts on two positive feelings: work satisfaction and organizational commitment. These would be the findings of a study that looked at the usage of social networking sites, but not excessive use since previous research has shown that social media site addictions may have detrimental consequences. In respect of explanatory power, our model is strong; it predicted 42.9 percent of the variation in social media site usage and 33.1 percent of a variation in work performance (El-Zoghby et.al., 2020).

By suggesting a route from social media websites have used to work performance that travels through the positive emotions of job satisfaction and job performance, our report presents a significant basis based on the improve and expand the concept of positive feelings which can be critical to inform research efforts. According to the findings, hedonic social networking sites may elicit good feelings in employees, increasing their resourcefulness and making them feel more connected to their employers, thus enhancing their job performance (Alalwan, 2018).

Figure 3 Hypothesis review

Source: (Waqar, and Nabeel, 2021)

Our theoretical viewpoint compares the usage of social networking sites to relevant performance practices that just aren't always work-related but have work-related impacts. Weekends relaxation, frequent meditation, and physical activity are instances of functional tasks similar to social networking site usage. No current conceptual framework, to our knowledge, presents such a comprehensive and creative picture of social networking site usage (Chen et.al., 2017).

3.2 Data Collection

A systematic questionnaire was used by researchers, whose study has been referred, to collect information. The survey questionnaire was based on previous research. A sample of 100 persons who were online shoppers and social media users was gathered. There were 50 percent men and 50 percent females in the sample. The graph's average age was 25. Around 80% of the participants were students (degree and undergraduate) and 20% were workers. The loyalty rewards questionnaire was used. Trust, customer happiness, accessibility, product understanding, computer experience, as well as a webpage interface have been completely different things. Several researchers have utilized these notions in the research. The Likert scale and multiple-choice responses were used to assess all of the items on these measures, which were all closed-ended. To examine the connection between variables and their association, data were analyzed using correlation coefficients as well as the Pearson chi-square evaluation. To limit the odds of mistakes, pretesting was also done by obtaining data from ten respondents. As a result, bias may be reduced. Some of the questions were removed and the order of the questions was adjusted after the assessment. The data and analysis did not provide the pre-testing samples(Aalbers et.al., 2019).

Figure 4 Chi-square Results

Source: (Waqar, and Nabeel, 2021)

SPSS was used to evaluate the predicted relationships between all independent factors (trust, customer happiness, brand awareness, accessibility, computer experience, and website design) as well as the predictor variables (customer loyalty). A substantial positive association resulting in adopting the assumptions and conversely is shown by a Pearson chi-square value of 0.05 or more. With the exception of one factor, every one of the hypotheses in this investigation had a Calculated chi-square value better than 0.05(Verduyn et al., 2020).

Children often use social media sites without supervision or effective management, which indicates issues that have severe consequences for family stability. Researchers discovered that a rising percentage of young children use the Internet without adult supervision at least a portion of the time. According to the findings, 78 percent of teenagers use social networking sites (SNSs) against their parents' permission, while just 22 percent use them with their parents' permission (Kraus et.al., 2017).

Senescence as reality emerges when teenagers form new friendships with people they have never met in person. Thirty percent of teenagers have created more than 100 buddies they don't know personally. While inquiring about such a social conservatism, 48 percent of teens seem to be conservative in their choice of friends, as they have not put any unknown pals in their accounts. Adolescents expressed their dread of the internet cell's function, and because the region is rife with armed confrontation, we don't know to whom the other unknown persons are linked(Christl, Kopp, and Riechert, 2017).

Figure 5 Responses of Social Networking sites

Source: (Bashir et.al., 2021)

To learn more about the influence of social media on teenage social lives. This research looked at teenage motives for utilizing social media sites and how they affect their social lives. Friendships are widely known to have a significant role in a child’s as well as adolescent’s emotional and psychological development. One of the beneficial characteristics of social media is the fact that it allows people to find information quickly and easily. However, just 14 percent of the population is involved in the practice. It has been shown that increasing the amount of time spent on social networking sites has a negative influence on relationships with relatives and real-life friends. This has the effect of weakening the family link and restricting engagement with true friends. Because of the little direct engagement that teenagers have with their families and friends, their social skills are warped, and they have fewer real-life social media networks. It has the potential to lead to their social isolation in the long run. The self-esteem and psychiatric indicators of adjustment problems of adolescents who do not have close friendships are consistently poorer in people not having mutual friends. People who have more social interaction are happier overall, both emotionally and physically, than those who do not (Keles, McCrae, and Grealish, 2020).

Figure 6 Purpose to use SNS

Source: (Bashir et.al., 2021)

According to the findings of the survey, 92 percent of the respondents used to spend their free time visiting friends, participating in outdoor sporting activities, or studying. None of the teens has engaged in sports, with friends, or in academics on their own. It demonstrates how the shift in role among teens has occurred gradually as a result of the increased use of social networking sites. Participation in or involvement in sports, physical gatherings with friends, and academic pursuits are all examples of socializing activities. With the introduction of a new perspective, all of these are called into question (Cha, and Seo, 2018).

Figure 7 Data collectionof Social Media impact

Source: (Dean, 2022)

The data is collected that shows the Instagram and tittok usage by the various age group. This shows the impact of tiktok on the different age group people. The chart given below shows the representation of age group. The trends of social media is growing as the teenager are now focusing more on virtual meeting and communication. This shows how the social media can influence the market of today world. The influence can be seen more on the people of age group 10-19.

Figure 8 Chart of tikttok impact on different age group

Source: (Dean, 2022)

Figure 9 Most used Social sites

Source: (Dean, 2022)

The graph given above shows the most recent social sites that are used by the user of different age groups. The trends of globalization has led to increase in the social sites and the pandemic has change the way people looked at social media.

Figure 10 Daily usage of Tik-Tok

Source: (Dean, 2022)

The image given above define the impact of TikTok on user, as people are now focused on the entertainment and enjoying the virtual environment.

3.3 Research Methodology

The use of online gaming technologies has supplanted the practice of athletics as well as involvement in physical interaction with peers in recent years. A significant shift has occurred in the modes of contact among teenagers, with most of them now exclusively meeting in person at their respective schools. Teenagers' travel either in or out of the neighborhood had an important part in socializing them about people's concerns and broader society during this period. The use of social networking sites has resulted in a significant reduction in normal sociability. Positive peer pressure among teenagers in real life has a tendency to keep them more conformist to a greater degree than negative peer pressure. However, social media has an impact on their capacity to think for themselves, which may result in cyberbullying. In recent research, it has been shown that roughly 20–35 percent of teenagers report being bullied, either as a bully and also as a sufferer, or in some cases, as both. Cyberbullying is defined as any behavior carried out via electronic or digital media by people or organizations with the intent of inflicting discomfort or pain upon others. It includes sending out angry or aggressive communications on a regular basis.

Figure 11 Involvement of Adolescents

Source: (Bashir et.al., 2021)

This is the reality that although it is simpler than ever to make connections on social media platforms, it is as difficult to develop solid ones. Relationship patterns among teenagers are evolving as social networking sites (SNSs) grow more popular. As a result of this new manner of talking and interacting, more intimate ties are being established among young people (Coyne et.al., 2020).

Students often waste considerable time interacting face to face or inperson with some other individuals as they participate in social media, and these practices diminish their communicative skills. Students may sometimes miss deadlines as a result of squandering time on social networks. Furthermore, excessive usage of social media has a negative impact on student's mental and physical health. SNSs, according to 48% of teenagers, have had an influence on their academics. The effect is measured in terms of altered study schedules, lost time spent surfing social media sites, and late project submission (Coyne et.al., 2020).

Figure 12 Impact of education and relationship

Source: (Bashir et.al., 2021)

Mental illness has substantial economic and social consequences, and it is a major source of limits in everyday life and involvement in social activities (Knapp, et al., 2011). Because of these societal and economic consequences, as well as treatment expenses, a mental disorder is now one of the top five most expensive medical disorders. There is strong evidence that accessing social media sites aids in the dissemination of mental health information. However, there is evidence that excessive use of social media sites has a negative influence on teenagers' mental health. Kids and adolescents are in danger while navigating and experimenting with social networking sites because of their weak ability for self-regulation and susceptibility to peer pressure. Participants agree that social media sites had an influence on their mental health in 52 percent of cases. When questioned about the reasons for the negative influence on their psychological health, many claimed that late-night usage of social media has turned into an obsession (Oberst et.al., 2017).

Figure 13 Impact on Mental Health

Source: (Bashir et.al., 2021)

As the number of people using the internet grows, so does the number of scams and fake websites, leading to a loss of confidence. Customers place a high value on a website's reliability. If a webpage appears to be trustworthy, it will aid in purchasing decisions, resulting in returning customers and consumer loyalty. Respondents agree with this viewpoint, with 55 percent stating that a trustworthy website is extremely essential to them. A favorable association between trustworthiness and client loyalty is also shown by the Pearson chi-square score (0.06). An unfavorable customer experience will lead to negative word of mouth and a lack of consumer loyalty. The only thing that ensures repeat business is customer happiness. It plays an important part in online buying, according to 61 percent of clients. Customer happiness and loyalty have a positive link, according to the Pearson chi-square value (0.18). A user-friendly website, on the other hand, would encourage consumers to return. A favorable association between a user-friendly website design and client loyalty is also shown by the Pearson chi-square value (0.13). A website design also plays a critical role, according to 74 percent of those surveyed.

Chapter 4: Project Planning Review

The planning of the project is working as per the description of the project details are planned. The task is performed as per the scheduling is done (Liu et.al., 2019).

4.1 Work Breakdown Structure

Figure 14 Work breakdown structure

4.2 Gantt Chart

Task Mode	Task Name	Duration	Start	Finish	Predecessors
Auto Scheduled	Impact of social media	34 days	Mon 13-12-21	Thu 27-01-22
Auto Scheduled	Project Planning	7 days	Mon 13-12-21	Tue 21-12-21
Auto Scheduled	Aims and Objective	2 days	Mon 13-12-21	Tue 14-12-21
Auto Scheduled	Deliverables	2 days	Wed 15-12-21	Thu 16-12-21	3
Auto Scheduled	Budget Plan	3 days	Fri 17-12-21	Tue 21-12-21	4
Auto Scheduled	Requirement Gathering	7 days	Wed 22-12-21	Thu 30-12-21	5
Auto Scheduled	Evaluation of Social networking	4 days	Wed 22-12-21	Mon 27-12-21
Auto Scheduled	Impact of social media	3 days	Tue 28-12-21	Thu 30-12-21	7
Auto Scheduled	Methodology	8 days	Fri 31-12-21	Tue 11-01-22	8
Auto Scheduled	Data Collection	2 days	Fri 31-12-21	Mon 03-01-22
Auto Scheduled	Source of Data	3 days	Tue 04-01-22	Thu 06-01-22	10
Auto Scheduled	Data Analysis	3 days	Fri 07-01-22	Tue 11-01-22	11
Auto Scheduled	Documentation	5 days	Wed 12-01-22	Tue 18-01-22	12
Auto Scheduled	Literature Review	5 days	Wed 12-01-22	Tue 18-01-22
Auto Scheduled	Testing	3 days	Wed 19-01-22	Fri 21-01-22	14
Auto Scheduled	Deployment	2 days	Mon 24-01-22	Tue 25-01-22	15
Auto Scheduled	Feedback	2 days	Wed 26-01-22	Thu 27-01-22	16

Figure 15 Gantt Chart

4.3 Resource List

Resource	Purpose	Availability
Journals	The journals help in describing the past and present experience of using social media. The impact of how people get attracted to social media is described.	70%
Articles	The articles define the exact factor that is utilized by the networking site to attract the customer	80%
Newspaper	The newspaper defines the basic timelines when the shift happens	50%
Statistical data of various networking site	The exact number of the change is defined through the data collected by various networking sites	60%

4.4 Risk and Limitations

According to several studies, social media may aid in client engagement and loyalty development. Different factors relating to social media and consumer loyalty are investigated to better understand the depth of this connection. The majority of research is focused on nations with strong social media penetration rates, such as the United States, Turkey, as well as the United Kingdom. Because a number of Facebook users in Pakistan was in its early stages, making it a possible untapped market to be exploited in the near future, this study is being conducted to better understand how social networking might affect consumer loyalty in a developing market.

The main disadvantage of this research was the lack of time, which prevented the analysis of a large random sample. The third constraint was geographical borders, which limited the scope of the operation to select regions of Lahore. Furthermore, no numerical and statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the link between the research variables. Because this study relied on easy sampling and had a small number of participants, it's important not to extrapolate the findings to all studies. Because the information was largely gathered from individuals who had prior internet exposure, the future study may be more universal if the survey was completed by a wider set of individuals. Future studies might concentrate on the unique elements of a website and how they impact a customer's plans to return for some more (Fuster et.al., 2017).

4.5 Summary

Social media is known as the platform where people are evolving to communicate more with others people. The social media findings have defined show that the utilization of social sites by teenagers is growing. As the growth of the media is increasing the effects on the health of the people are growing. A teenager is not more spending their time on social sites rather than focusing on their performance. The study evaluated shows that teenagers are getting depressed from spending more time on the internet. The positive impact of the social site has increased the professional structure of people and the job performance is enhanced. The rate of adolescents spending time on social sites is shown in the analysis (Korkmaz, Celebi, and Yucel, 2017).

Chapter 5: Data Collection, Analysis, Evaluation, Discussion

The analysis of the data shows the criteria to which the social networking sites are tested. This result of the evaluation derived that social networking can increase job performance but the challenges of security also arise. Adolescence is a critical stage in the process that must be managed. If this socializing phase is ignored, it has a variety of ramifications for teenagers' developmental process. The environmental input on adolescents' characters has indeed been greatly influenced by technical characteristics in a contemporary technological era is becoming one of the most significant components of life. As a result, the internet and social media, especially, have quite a direct influence on society's overall living standards. The substance, regularity, and platforms of SNSs used have all been connected to the positive and negative effects of surfing them. The high abundance of social networking sites (SNSs) has resulted in exposing children among teenagers via personality and monitoring. Teenagers who would be connected to SNSs from relatives make up a tiny proportion of the population. Adolescents use social media without their families' permission or supervision, making them more exposed to harmful consequences. Obtaining data about specific elements of life is among the beneficial impacts of surfing social media sites; nevertheless, according to the survey, only 14 percent of teens seek access to social media sites (Abbas et.al., 2019).

Adolescents' public spaces have been negatively impacted by social media sites. Long-term use of social media sites has resulted in a decrease in outdoor sports such as socializing and athletics. Outdoor pastimes are displaced by mobile games. According to the findings, the majority of young people want to use social media to advertise new mates, however, making new friends online is not the same as creating meaningful social ties. Adolescents have seen the influence on their academics firsthand, with changes in study patterns and excessive hours invested on social media sites having a major impact on the growth of their academics. Adolescents frequently complain about missed deadlines for academic work. Furthermore, virtual communities divert students' whole focus and concentration away from academic, dishonest, and improper activities such as idle chatting, time-wasting through random searches, and not accomplishing their assignments(Akram, and Kumar, 2017).

The use of social media sites has also been shown to have a harmful influence on children's psychological health. Adolescents agree that they have a mental health condition, stating symptoms of mental illness, nervousness, insomnia, and exhaustion. Adolescents' attitude toward their family and friends is significantly influenced by their mental patient's condition, which includes several symptoms. The most prominent is phubbing. Teenagers who are using social media sites for further than 7 hours every day are twice as probable anxiety (Kuss, and Griffiths, 2017).

To meet the issues that adolescents have when using social media sites. There is a need for parental monitoring and involvement in the lack of accessibility to and communication of data from social media sites. Methods such as facilitating appropriate material surfing, raising awareness of the dangers of social media, and ensuring the successful participation of parents can all help adolescents maintain a controlled socialization process. At many levels, there is also a need to create a healthy conversation on various dimensions of SNSs. The dialogues should be gradual, assisting teenagers in becoming more knowledgeable of the consequences of using SNSs (Kuss, and Griffiths, 2017).

The research's major points were categorized into four typical components of social media attention: time being spent, activity, commitment, as well as dependency. The period of hours people spend on the internet is referred to as time spent. The intensity and amount of users' involvement and contact with social networking sites as well as other customers are referred to as activity. Addiction means a state of becoming addicted to Facebook, whereas investing refers to the act of pouring work and energy into social networks. We describe the association between each category and sadness, worry, including mental trauma, including any confounding, mediation, or modifying variables that may be measured.

The information for a possible link between social media addiction and mental medical conditions in teenagers was explored in this comprehensive study. Internet addiction, behaviors such as frequent monitoring for communications, financial involvement, and compulsive or troublesome use were all identified as major causes of depression, anxiousness, and emotional distress in this study.

Despite the fact that the studies' findings were not fully consistent, the review discovered a general link between mental health and mental health problems. The discovered link, however, is just too complicated for simple statements, according to the majority of authors. Few research has attempted to unravel this complication, while some have looked into the role of potential moderating variables. The most common moderators of the correlation between social network use as well as mild depression were sleeplessness and other snooze variables. The research proposes that these very elements, including such personal qualities, socio-cultural factors that influence teenage requirements and duties in parents and community, and ecological factors impacting teenage growth and community skills, be investigated further.

Other key results from this research imply that some beliefs or practices could have a higher impact on the signs of depression, anxiousness, and mental trauma than just the regularity with which people use the internet or the growth of digital connections they have. Since there is a proven link between depression symptoms, as well as platform behaviors and depressed mood, there were also contradictory findings. While increased social media engagement of the clients are increased predicts mental illness in teenagers, there was no link between the time and the utilization of social media by the people and the mood of anxiety. Predisposing factors, intermediates, and moderators, as stated above, could explain these mixed results. This thorough examination also examines the impact of age and gender. While some research concluded that these characteristics seemed to have no impact on the link between violence and mental medical issues, others indicated that girls and younger teenagers are more susceptible to sadness and anxiety. To analyze the influence of age and sex, more research is necessary (Kelly et.al., 2017).

Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations

6.1 Conclusions

As the report concluded it was found that the digital sites of social media have impacted the whole society not only the single individual. Through this, the academics of the teenagers and the quality of the content development are also affected because of the social networking sites. The industry adopts the standards of social networking so that they can get competitive advantages through this. Through the performance of the job and the quality of business goals can be achieved. Social media has various benefits that help in providing the business the annual offerings. The use of social media in the negative form can also be done by the teenager. As the use of social networking sites is sometimes vicious for the people and false publicity is provided. This impact the performance of the individuals in various sector like education, advertisement, government, and others. To reduce the impact of social media utilization major condition of helping the youngster should be done. The use of social media in excessive nature can impact the health, mental, and psychological behavior of human beings. The report defines the evaluation that is made on the individuals that list the attractive nature of the social media sites. The evaluation shows how people are going through depression because of the pattern of spending the day on social sites. They are more focused on their habits of consuming the content they do not like to see. This creates a major influence on the minds of the people and the social network impact on humans.

6.2 Summary

This review found that the influence of media platform use on the development of depression, anxiousness, and emotional stress amongst teenagers is expected to be multifaceted. It's critical to understand the differences in the words that describe the connection. On the assumption that this implies a socially defined reality, it is legitimate to conclude that there is a 'connection' between issues and mental health complications. It is being evident that the utilization of social sites has given the increase the negative effects on the relations of humans. The relation of the human and social sites is not a statistical structure but is more focused on reliving the different ideas. The social network needs the proofing of the content they deliver. The qualitative data done on the social sites do not reveal more about how they are impacted but the statistical information gather shows the various consequences.

The major points of the research were categorized into four types of publicity: time being spent, engagement, commitment, and obsession. All of these categories were found to be linked to depression, anxiousness, and emotional stress, despite the fact that these interactions are complex. While studies have looked at potential moderating elements which may add to or aggravate the suggested relationship, there are still a number of potential mediators that have yet to be discovered that could describe the relationship's orientation. We also discovered methodological, study design, and selection shortcomings in the literature. Based on the cross-research study utilized in virtually all investigations and the absence of a sample group in the randomized trial, the correlation was ambiguous. In addition, the quantity of statistical studies in the literature is much greater than the number of qualitative approaches. We expect that by doing this comprehensive study, we will be able to add to the current research by filling in the blanks and emphasizing the significance of the phenomena of the mental wellbeing impact of online use with teenagers.

6.2 Future work

Based on the research conducted within this report, a model can be done to assess the future development in Social Networking. Based on this model, the impact of SNS can be predicted on the behaviour and lives of the teenagers. The change in the psychology of the teenagers and its evolution from the times before social media can be studied and evaluated.

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Appendices

Appendix A:

Ethical Approval Form

• This form should have been completed, signed and submitted with the Project Proposal and the final approved by the supervisor version of it must be submitted with the dissertation.

• No work should have been carried out on the project until the form has been approved.

• Failure to submit the form will result in an automatic fail for the module. You may also be subject to disciplinary action.

Section 1 TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENT
Name of Student:		Diana Potur
Student No:		RAP16423033
Course:		Bsc Computing Technologies
Module:		Dissertation (Major Computing Project)
Project Title:		Effects of Social Networking on Everyday Life
Summary of Proposed Project:
Globalization has transformed almost every aspect of human society as we know it. Media and social movements have become globalized too. The teens do not engage in sports, with friends, or in academics on their own. It demonstrates how the shift in role among teens has occurred gradually as a result of the increased use of social networking sites. The influence of media platform use on the development of depression, anxiousness, and emotional stress amongst teenagers is expected to be multifaceted. Because of outlets like social media,their movement gained worldwide attention and citizens ofmany different countries banded together to take collective action. Social media movements like this have been going on for years, gathering together people from all over the world and unifying them under a single cause.
Planned Start Date:		October 2021		Planned End Date:	March 2021
DECLARATION BY STUDENT: I confirm that I have read and understood the Research Ethical Guidelines and agree to abide by them in conducting my project. I confirm that I understand the importance of adhering to the Research Ethical Guidelines and I am aware of the penalties for breaching them. I agree to notify my academic supervisor if there is a change to my project and/or further ethical approval is needed.
To the best of my knowledge, I confirm that: There is no risk to any participants There is no risk to me There is no risk to the institution or QA in terms of liability or reputation
	I undertake to report all data and findings in a responsible way
Name:			Signature:			Date:

Section 2 TO BE COMPLETED BY SUPERVISOR
Name of Supervisor:
DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR: I undertake to review and approve any questions that the student intends to use for data collection, including interview questions and questionnaire items.
ON THE BASIS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE STUDENT, THE PROJECT:
	DOES NOT need to be referred to the Faculty Research Ethics Committee for approval.
	DOES need to be referred to the Faculty Research Ethics Committee for approval.
If the project needs to be referred to the Faculty Research Ethics Committee for approval, please explain why briefly:
	On the basis of the information provided by the student, I confirm that the project will contain sensitive or confidential information and should not be placed in the public domain.
Name:			Signature:		Date:

Section 3 TO BE COMPLETED BY SUPERVISOR
CHANGES TO PROJECT – DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR: I have reviewed the proposed changes to the project.
ON THE BASIS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE STUDENT:
	I APPROVE the revised project.
	I DO NOT APPROVE the revised project.
If the revised project is not approved, please explain why briefly:
Name:		Signature:		Date:

Section 4 TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENT
CHECKLIST FOR STUDENT
	I have fully completed this Ethical Approval Form and have signed where appropriate.
	I have included a copy of any research instruments I wish to use (interview questions, questionnaires, etc.) in the Appendix of my proposal. If draft versions, I undertake to have the final versions approved by my supervisor before collecting any data.
	I have included this Ethical Approval Form in the Appendix of my proposal so that it may be reviewed by my supervisor. The proposal outlines the research methodology I will use.
	I have included this Ethical Approval Form in the Appendix of my dissertation. My supervisor has completed Section 2 of this Ethical Approval Form and has signed where appropriate.
Name:	Diana Potur	Signature:	Diana Potur	Date:	14-02-2022

Appendix B:

Any other documentation necessary to support the dissertationand may not be appropriate to be included in the main body of the dissertation must be included in the Appendix.